Do fat men enjoy sex -- sure they do

Do fat men enjoy sex

A fat man undergoes a process of feminization: hormones in the fatty tissue turn into estrogen the female hormone. That is why obese men - such as Sumo wrestlers - have higher voices and their skin is more delicate

Fat men suffer from health problems, have difficulties maintaining relationships, and suffer from prejudice at work - and on top of all this they suffer from sexual dysfunction. A surplus of female hormones, blockage of blood vessels and possible diabetes, shortage of breath - all enemies of the erection and sexual pleasure.

It is normal to think that men aren't really concerned about their outward appearance; extra weight or even obesity doesn't really bother them. It is normal to be thin, but so what? That's another myth to be shattered in order to relate sensitively to this weighty problem.

"A high percentage of fat men are uncomfortable with themselves, to differentiate from women whose situation is much worse," says Dr. Yitzhak Ben Tzion, Deputy Director of the Psychiatric Unit and Director of the Sex Clinic at the Soroka Medical Center in the Negev. "A woman who has a problem with her body image may have less enjoyment, or have a harder time reaching orgasm, but she will function. For a man with a negative body image, the question of whether or not he can function is apparent to the eye: Failure to reach an erection and early ejaculation.”

Dr. Ben Tzion says that 30 percent of the local men are overweight and 8 percent are obese. Comprehensive research into the subject in Japan and Korea indicate that both impede on the sexual performance of men.

There are a number of clear physiological reasons for this:

A fat man undergoes a process of feminization: hormones in the fatty tissue turn into estrogen the female hormone. That is why obese men - such as Sumo wrestlers - have higher voices and their skin is more delicate.

Fat men are more prone to high blood pressure, diabetes, a higher incidence of triglycerides in the blood, low levels of good cholesterol and high levels of the bad. These perhaps should use Omega 5 oil.

They are more at risk of clogged arteries and this affects the erection.

They get tired more quickly because their heart rate is slower and they suffer from glandular dysfunction as well.

The sexual organs are the most sensitive in the body and are adversely affected by all the symptoms mentioned above. Nearly 100 percent of men who suffer from diabetes - if it is not balanced - will also fail to maintain an erection. This also occurs to 60 percent of those men who suffer from high blood pressure; sometimes medications also adversely affect sexual function.

Self image problems are worse. The drooping potbelly "buries" the male organ inside the folds of fat and makes it look smaller. It is known that men attach great importance (without justification) not only the effective length of the penis during sex but also how it looks "at rest." Thus, skin care ny POMEGA5 can help.

"To all of these factors, you have to add the emotional dimension," says Professor Alexander Polansky, a specialist in weight control. "Patients tell me they find they have less desire and are less excited about sexual relations. They feel that their partners enjoy it less."

This is compounded with the added problems of maintaining an erection and avoiding early ejaculation, even among men who are relatively young, between 30 and 55 years old.

“Fat men say they sweat more and it embarrasses them in front of their partner," he says. "The big belly prevents them from choosing positions they desire and reduces the options for foreplay. They have difficulty moving because they are disappointed with how they look. They dress sloppily and rarely have their hair properly styled. They avoid the gym because they don’t want to be the only fat person among people who look good. Also in the work place the way a fat man is treated is problematic - nothing can be done about it; we live in a society that appreciates esthetics. People who can’t control their eating are considered losers.”

Shiri Lavie, a social worker who specializes in sexual therapy at the Sheba Medical center, says it is true that being overweight can impair sexual performance, and it is true that one should try to lose weight for health reasons and to improve one’s sex life.

"But it’s unfair to regard a fat man as asexual”, she says. “He can be a wonderful lover because he compensates his limitations by being more attentive to the desires of his partner and is ready to focus more on her pleasure. It is more important how a man feels with himself and his body than how he looks. If he is comfortable in his own body then he will be successful at projecting sensuality. There are fat men who are charismatic and sexy by any standards.”

Lavie suggests to men who want to increase their physical activity to relate to it like sex: It’s hard to get going, but once you get into the game, the enthusiasm kicks in. With the food comes the appetite.

Catch me if you can -- I prefer Omega 5 oil products

Make sure you rub them on your face

Green marketing for Omega 5 oil products?

Are you targeting the correct green consumers?

Traditional means of marketing by demographics simply will not work for green consumers, you need to be able to identify how they behave...

Why do you market your company as ethical?

Do you do it because you have to, or because you want to?

Some companies might do it as a form of self-preservation, because they are afraid of what customers will say if they don't. Other, more progressive firms may do it because they realise that there is an opportunity to target customers who feel strongly about the issue.

In the UK, the Co-Operative Bank's 2007 Ethical Consumerism report, published in November, showed that ethical spending in the UK had jumped by 81 per cent since 2002. At £29.7bn, the market is still relatively small compared to the annual consumer spend of over £600bn, but that presumably means that there is plenty more headroom for market growth. Meanwhile in the US, the Natural Marketing Institute (NMI), a market research firm that focuses exclusively on this area, classifies the whole target market under the banner of lifestyles of health and sustainability (LOHAS) – the sector is worth $209bn on that side of the pond.

Who is buying these ethical products and services, and how can companies reach these customers effectively? Trying to pigeonhole the green consumer by pointing to a single demographic was probably naive 20 years ago. Today, it would be extremely foolish.

Types of green consumer... Analysts suggest that there is a slight demographic bias, but it is far from conclusive. In his November 2007 report In Search of Green Technology Consumers, Forrester analyst Christopher Mines found that the bright greens - a small contingency of serious green consumers representing 12 per cent of the US market - were likely to be primarily female and from slightly older age groups. Aside from the bright greens, the greens (those with a moderate interest in green issues) and browns (those who could not care less) that Mines identifies are tricky to accurately characterise.

Identifying a slight demographic trend in bright greens might give companies a hint at the age range and gender they could pursue. But according to LOHAS business director at NMI Gwynne Rogers demographics are notoriously difficult to pin down. Instead, NMI has developed a segmentation model that is behaviourally driven, which reveals that "behaviour tends to be driven uniformly across demographics". Dividing consumers by behavioural traits rather than demographic characteristics makes the LOHAS consumer base is more predictive, Rogers says.

However, this scattered distribution of green consumers makes purely demographic targeting more difficult and as result marketers have had to focus on what people think and feel, and how they behave, rather than how old they are, or where they live. NMI revised its market segmentation in 2005, settling on five different behaviourally-defined consumer categories: LOHAS, Naturalites, Drifters, Conventionals and the Unconcerned.

LOHAS consumers map onto Forrester's bright greens. They are early adopters of green products, and extremely brand loyal, but very demanding. "LOHAS consumers ask more questions about how the ingredients of materials were sourced and how they were processed and shipped, which is why you see them interested in things like fair trade," explains Rogers.

Naturalites also exhibit strong green attitudes, but they are focused more on personal health issues. Expect the holistic living, yoga-practising consumers to inhabit this space. Drifters are what NMI calls "trend sensitive". They are the type of consumers that are more worried about image than actual execution, and are eager to be seen in trendy eco-supermarkets such as Whole Foods partly because it's the hip place to be. Conventionals are a group of consumers that have an interest in green issues but are driven by practical concerns. They want to conserve energy and water because it saves money and makes good old-fashioned sense. Finally, the unconcerned consumers correlate directly with Forrester's 'brown' group. Green issues simply aren't on their radar.

Reaching the masses? But how can companies reach these various green consumers? In keeping with the mainstream nature of green and ethical issues, Nate Elliott, senior analyst at Jupiter Research, says that some companies have simply begun folding green messaging into their general branding, without trying to create distinct marketing messages for specific groups. Then, when consumers come to them through channels such as the web, companies can guide them into specific areas focused on green topics.

Similarly, Ted Ning, director of the LOHAS conference, notes that the days of the organic ghetto aisle in the supermarket are over. Instead, companies are folding green and ethical concerns into their product propositions at a more fundamental level. Organic products have made their way onto every shelf in the supermarket, because a broader range of consumers is becoming interested in such things.

This broad brush approach is useful if you are a company with the marketing budget to address a wide market with your brand, but for those who are more limited will need to focus on smaller markets, where other techniques are necessary. For example, Perry Goldschein, managing director of specialist green marketing company SRB Marketing, relies on email campaigns for direct response marketing. That requires a partnership with websites and publications read by green users. He advises trying to avoid the larger, better-known 'green portal' sites, because they are more expensive. "Some sites charge quite a bit, but if you can do your homework and find those lesser-known sites still reaching hundreds of thousands of people, you can get good deals and still reach a lot of people in your campaign," he advises.

Jupiter's Elliott also recommends using social marketing tools that sit well with the concept of green purchasing as a consumer lifestyle choice. Using social networks to engage these customers, along with frequent, informative messaging about green issues, can help build the type of brand loyalty that LOHAS consumers are known to have. However, such activities are still relatively new for many companies, and many marketing professionals are feeling their way in the dark.

Taking advantage of social media may be one of the most labour-intensive forms of marketing, but it could also build the type of brand value that companies crave. If the message is sincere, and companies can demonstrate that they practice what they preach in their operations, then the signs are that LOHAS consumers will be more than willing to listen.

Why read the Omega 5 oil beauty blog?

About Us

The Official Omega oil site is a blog about organic living. Topics commonly featured on this blog includes natural and organic beauty, health and wellness, food and nutrition, natural remedies, natural body detox and product reviews.

By creating public awareness of the dangers of toxic chemicals in the food we eat, our water, our personal care items and the air we breath, we aspires to expose the truth about the damage being done to our health by man made synthetic chemicals.

Most of the content you’ll read on this blog is directed towards this end: Environmental conservation, detailed reviews of commercial products, and providing natural alternatives to promote natural and organic living.

Who is responsible for this green blog?

We are Jossie, Sarah, and Joanne, the writers who are responsible for all the material you read on this blog. Apart from managing this site, we are also currently working on a book about Omega 5 oil products.

On times when we are are too overwhelmed with work or lack of inspiration to write, we scour the internet for worth sharing articles for you to read. However, we validate its content before publishing.

Our personal interests revolve around Cooking, Rock and Roll music, anime, eating, and surfing the Internet and of course, natural and organic living.

We are very passionate about organics because organic products are better, safer, purer and kinder - not just for people who uses them but also for the planet. We are always amazed by Mother Natures and we believe that what she has given us is indeed pure, beautiful and valuable.

Therefore, it is utmost essential to cherish and preserve our environment.

Please let us know if there is something that you would like to see featured on this site, and we will do our best to make it happen.

This is how we looked 15 years ago -- amazing, isn't it?

Rules of attraction -- what does being ugly really mean?

Do Ugly People Have a Chance?

Or can Omega 5 oil products help?

- Rules of physical human attractiveness

Would you like to know what men and women really prefer? Then, you should read a new book signaled by Daily Mail, "The Psychology Of Physical Attraction", written by psychologists Viren Swami and Adrian Furnham.

The book comprises meta-analyses of researches published in the last years on the issue of mutual attraction between men and women.

First, the authors tackle the issue of weight. Judging for what you see on today's catwalk, you could say the Earth is dominated by an anorexic race. In reality, studies show that people do not enjoy extreme slenderness, but normal weight, and those caught up in an accident are far more likely to be rescued if they are of an average weight than underweight or overweight persons.

Moreover, ideal body weight is a strong cultural factor. In poor countries, affording to eat enough to be fatter is a sign of wealth, thus a desirable trait. In a rich country, rather lower classes enjoy the junk food connected to increased body weight. "As you get richer, you get thinner. Where food is scarce, tubbier women are thought of as more attractive," said Furnham.

And there come the boobs. Even if many say so, breast size has little to do with fertility or health, but the taste of big breasts appear to be personal and cultural. Yet, body shape appears to be more important than breast size. Many researches point that a waist/hip ratio (WHR) of 0.7 to 0.8 in women characterize the most attractive individual, and departures from these values decrease the sexual appeal. And the value is relative: it does not refer to how narrow her belt is, but how small her waist is compared with the hips. "Young women can be chubby, but still have a low WHR.

As women get older, their waists thicken and their fertility goes down in proportion to their age - that explains why a slim waist, a signal of fertility, is attractive," wrote the authors. But even this common concept proved to be cultural. The Tanzanian Hadza tribe, one of the oldest human populations (they are relict Bushmen in Eastern Africa), who still live as hunters-gatherers, are totally indifferent to the female WHR value, while an isolated tribe, the Matsigenka of southern Peru, simply prefer women with large bellies (many western countries would really be the heaven for those men). After all, in the cold of the Andes, a warm mattress...In fact, it's a question of resources: when they are scarce, being overweight denotes good nutrition, while today this is linked to sterility, heart conditions, atherosclerosis, diabetes and other health issues.

Another aspect: are women really mad for tall men? Even a new research shows that the best is 5 % over the average value. But no more, as exaggerated height is linked to health issues. In fact, most studies shows that the average height is the most attractive.

Female hairlessness on women is an indicator of youth and fertility, a healthy load of estrogens (whose decline with the menopause can cause the increase of body hair). But complete hairlessness on women and men can result unattractive in many cultures, being perceived as a pre-teen infertile look. Male depilation, common in Western societies, is seen as cultural. And the female Brazilian bikini style is a cultural issue as well.

The authors signal a 1979 research in singles' bars: with the approaching of the evening, people found individuals of the opposite sex as more appealing. The risk of of warming the sheets alone lowered the threshold for attractiveness.

The skin tones too varied in time as regards the attractiveness criteria. One century ago, tanned skin showed that the person spent a lot of time outdoors, on agriculture or other works, thus belonging to low classes, while rich people afforded to remain indoors all day, displaying a pale beautiful skin. But now, tanned skin can mean you have just returned from a holiday in the Seychelles Islands, thus you are an accommodated person. Therefore, the use of Omega 5 oil products help in attracting the opposite sex.

The authors also signal the symmetry issue: the healthiest genetics deliver the most symmetric faces, as symmetry betrays increased homeostasis (body's ability to fight damages).

Women will look for masculine males during the ovulation period (the peak of their fertility), while on long term they will prefer men with feminine traits, like plump lips and big eyes, as the last ones are better parents. The beard issue is complicated as well: some studies show that bearded men are usually perceived as appearing older and more masculine, dominant, courageous and confident, but not especially attractive. Some women even associate beards with being dirty.

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Pomega5's revolutionary Revitalizing Moisture and Toner -- twin Omega 5 oil masterpieces

New hear all about it

New!

Pomega5 Revitalizing Essential Moisture and Revitalizing Nourishing Toner

Pure Plant-Based Products to Naturally Replenish, Revive and Restore Skin to its Healthiest State

Pomega5, which has achieved cult status on the west coast with its therapeutic Pomega5 Healing Cream, launches two new luxurious treatments developed especially for facial skin. By bringing the same pure, organic and biodynamic ingredients Pomega5 is known for to a beauty line that is delicate in both scent and texture, yet delivers powerful skin rejuvenating benefits, Revitalizing Essential Moisture and Revitalizing Nourishing Toner make skin therapy a little less, well, therapeutic and a lot more indulgent.

Once again capturing the miracle of the pomegranate, the Revitalizing formulas were created to hydrate, protect and of course, revitalize giving skin a natural, healthy boost. Containing the purest organic and biodynamic ingredients sourced from traditional cultures across the globe, the formulas are packed with essential oils, fatty acids, vitamins, and anti-oxidants, yet free of chemical-fillers, parabens and artificial preservatives. Skin feels quenched and refreshed. Looks smoother, more radiant and healthier.

Revitalizing Essential Moisture: This pure plant-based moisturizer replenishes skin, revitalizing it at the cellular level, while protecting it against environmental damage. The high potency blend of essential fatty acids and 100% pure organic healing oils, absorbs easily and completely into skin leaving it supple, smooth and rejuvenated. Equilibrium is restored so skin feels fresh and healthy. And Revitalizing Essential Moisture's lightweight texture makes it perfect for daytime use.

Key Ingredients

Pomegranate Seed Oil: The star ingredient in all Pomega5 products. Pomegranate seed oil, which contains punicic acid, an Omega-5 fatty acid and rare plant based source of CLA, is a potent, natural powerful anti-oxidant -- fighting free radicals that damage and age skin cells. This natural ingredient has a long tradition of use as a treatment for dry, irritated or fragile skin.
Argan Oil: Naturally harvested from the Moroccan Argan Tree, this amber-hued oil is rich in linoleic acid, anti-oxidants, anti-inflammatories and vitamin E. It nourishes, softens, and renews skin's elasticity.

Horsetail: This herb, naturally rich in minerals such as silica, firms and strengthens connective tissue and stimulates new cell formation for a healthy, more youthful complexion.

Olive Oil Based Emulsifier System: This rich oil is obtained from ripe olives around the Mediterranean Sea. It is a natural emulsifier and moisturizer — enhancing the products stability. Skin is nourished, smoothed and comforted.

Revitalizing Essential Moisture comes in a state-of-the-art airless pump bottle to keep air out – preventing oxidation that can shorten the shelf life of a product. And with each pump of the bottle, you get the perfect measured dose. No waste or overuse – just the right amount every time.

Revitalizing Nourishing Toner: This natural, alcohol-free spray tonic is packed with beneficial fatty acids and essential oils to help balance and revive skin. It not only tones, but also provides lightweight nourishing moisture while restoring skin's healthy pH. The result: skin is repaired and toned — left feeling calmed, balanced and hydrated. And the signature Pomega5 scent is upliftingly fresh and delicate.

Key ingredients:

Pomegranate Seed Oil: To fight free-radicals and repair damaged skin.

Rosewater and Cornflower: These gentle astringents help balance pH levels and tone and tighten pores, while nourishing the skin and calming inflammation.

Cucumber and Mallow Flower: These natural botanicals contain moisture binding and regulating properties and antioxidants to help balance the skin.

Arnica Oil: The natural oil of the arnica plant calms and soothes over-stimulated skin leaving it soft, smooth and relieved.

Revitalizing Nourishing Toner can be used under moisturizer as a traditional toner, or misted on alone for a light veil of nourishing moisture.

Like all Pomega5 products, Pomega5 Revitalizing Essential Moisture and Revitalizing Nourishing Toner are 100% pure and natural. Essential Moisture is minimum 90% organic/biodynamic and Nourishing Toner is minimum 98% organic/biodynamic. They contain no phalates, petro-chemicals, synthetic colors, fillers or fragrance. They are paraben and preservative free and undergo the strictest testing for purity and stability. Pomega5's proprietary plant-based preservative system naturally keeps products fresh and stable. The Revitalizing products are suitable for all skin types, even the most sensitive. Use both products day and night for smooth, revitalized skin.

By www.pomega5.com

Prostate health for men by pomegranates derivatives

Randy Fagin, MD.
For Your Prostate Health: Pomegranates Pack a Punch

January 21, 2008

We all know that a diet rich in fruits and vegetables is good for us. Historically, these foods have always been known to have health benefits because of their low fat content, and their richness in fiber and vitamins - and these things are still true. However, continuing research is being done about the effect of foods with high anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and the additional health benefit this may afford.

Pomegranate juice, which is very high in phytochemicals, with strong anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, has shown some interesting potential in the fight against prostate cancer.

A small initial study following 48 men published in Clinical Cancer Research reported that drinking 6-8 ounces of pomegranate juice a day showed a significant reduction in a measure called PSA doubling time. PSA doubling time, or PSADT, is exactly what it sounds like; it is the time it takes for a PSA to double (from 5 to 10 for instance). The results showed an increase in PSADT, for men included in the study group, from an average of 15 months to 54 months.

The study also showed a possible connection between the juice and cancer cell death in lab tests. Although this study was small, the results are encouraging, and more studies will be needed to confirm the positive effects of pomegranate juice in people recovering from prostate cancer, I do, however want to be very clear that although drinking pomegranate juice may be beneficial in your recovery process and continued good health, it is not a substitute for surgery, radiation, or other prostate cancer treatments.

There are no known side-effects from a glass of pomegranate juice each day, so adding it can certainly do no harm – and may provide some additional anti-oxidant punch to your diet.
Dr Randy Fagin has one of the nation's largest experiences in daVinci robotic prostate cancer surgery. He has lectured around the world and continues to be a leader in developing new and advanced techniques for sparing the nerves that allow men to regain sexual function after prostate cancer surgery. For more information about prostate cancer treatment go to www.prostatecenterofaustin.com

How about using Omega 5 oil to boost prostate health?

Does it work?

www.pomega5.com

A bit of history about Omega 5 oil research -- the hunt for the perfect dietary product

Then ....

Fruits Offer Powerful Protection from Skin Cancer

Contacts:Warren Froelich/AACR215/440-9300/froelich@aacr.org

Aimee Frank/Spectrum Science 202/955-6222/amf@spectrumscience.com

PHOENIX – Fruits contain a number of vitamins and minerals that are used as supplements to treat everyday illnesses. Now, research suggests that common fruit extracts may have significant clinical benefits in decreasing risk for skin cancer. These studies are presented today at the American Association for Cancer Research Second Annual International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research.

“The incidence of skin cancer is rising faster than any other solid tumor in the United States. It is critical that we develop novel approaches to both primary and secondary prevention of what appears to be becoming an epidemic,” said David Alberts, M.D., of the University of Arizona.

“We are pleased to see numerous studies exploring the therapeutic value of topically-applied natural ingredients that people can begin incorporating into everyday life and may enhance the activity of standard sunscreens.”

Pomegranate Fruit Extract is a Novel Agent for Cancer Chemoprevention: Studies in Mouse Skin (Abstract 1547)

The search for novel anti-cancer therapies is ongoing, especially in the area of skin cancer, which is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in the United States. According to researchers from the University of Wisconsin, one promising agent against skin cancer may have been found in the extract of the pomegranate fruit.

Pomegranate fruit extract (PFE), from the tree Punica granatum, contains several polyphenols and anthocyanidins (pigment that gives certain fruits their dark red colors), the antioxidant activity of which is higher than that of red wine and green tea. In this study, researchers evaluated pomegranate's anti-skin tumor effects by comparing topical application of pomegranate extract on neonatal mice (CD-1) against TPA-induced markers (12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate), a strong promoter of chemically induced skin cancer. Applying pomegranate extract (2 mg/mouse) onto the skin of neonatal mice 30 minutes prior to TPA (3.2 µmole/mouse) application significantly inhibited TPA-mediated increases in skin edema and hyperplasia. TPA is an irritant and inflammatory agent that is widely used as a tumor promoter on the skin of mice.

Researchers also assessed the effect of skin application of pomegranate extract on TPA-induced skin tumor promotion. The animals pretreated with pomegranate extract showed substantially reduced tumor incidence and lower tumor body burden. In the TPA treated group, all mice developed tumors at 16 weeks, whereas only 30 percent of the mice treated with pomegranate extract exhibited tumors at that point.

“For the first time, we have clear evidence that pomegranate extract possesses anti-skin-tumor-promoting effects,” said Dr. Farrukh Afaq, of the University of Wisconsin, and lead investigator of the study.

“With such a variety of pathways inhibited by the topical application of the natural supplement, we are confident of its therapeutic value and hope it will translate to other models.”

According to the researchers, because pomegranate is capable of inhibiting conventional as well as novel biomarkers of TPA-induced tumors, it may possess chemopreventive activity in a wide range of tumor models. To determine the potential value of pomegranate, researchers will pursue an in-depth study to define its active agent(s).

Chemoprevention of Multiple Ultraviolet B-Mediated Damages in SKH-1 Hairless Mouse Skin by Grape Polyphenol Resveratrol: The Underlying Mechanism (Abstract 1489)

Knowing that the greater public will never stay far from the beach, researchers are constantly searching for novel approaches to manage risk factors for skin cancer, including damage from frequent exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, particularly its UVB component. In this study, resveratrol, an antioxidant in grapes and red wines, was studied to determine its chemopreventive potential against UVB-mediated skin damage.

As frequent UVB radiation increases skin cancer risk, researchers evaluated the effect of topical application of resveratrol (10 µmole/mouse/0.2 ml acetone) on multiple UVB (seven consecutive exposures in 7 days) exposure-mediated damages in the skin of SKH-1 hairless mice.

Researchers evaluated resveratrol's influence on survivin, which is involved in the control of cell division, and is a structurally unique member of the apoptosis inhibitors protein family. Survivin is overexpressed in most human cancers, but absent in normal adult tissues, and is considered a promising therapeutic target for novel anticancer therapies. Results of the study showed that resveratrol treatment significantly decreased UVB exposure-mediated up-regulation in the mRNA levels and protein expression of survivin.

“We're pleased to see that resveratrol is able to modulate multiple signaling in the cells, which actually protects the skin cells from damages that may lead to the development of cancer,” said Dr. Nihal Ahmad, of the University of Wisconsin, and lead author of the study.

“Further study should continue to support the argument to incorporate this agent into skin care products and regular diets, through the moderate consumption of grapes and red wine.”

Resveratrol significantly inhibited UVB-mediated increases in skin thickness and edema; epidermal cyclooxygenase (COX-2); ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) enzyme and protein levels; and protein levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), all of which are established markers of tumor promotion. Resveratrol also further stimulated a UVB-mediated increase in p53 protein levels and was found to inhibit UVB exposure-mediated increases in cell cycle promoting signals including the activation of cell division.

Modulation of Ultraviolet Radiation B Induced Wnt-Signaling by Perillyl Alcohol in Human Keratinocytes (Abstract 1385)

Perillyl alcohol (PEOH) is a food additive and a compound found naturally in tart cherries, mint and citrus fruits, such as orange peel. Evidence has shown that this class can inhibit the growth of many cancers and pre-cancerous lesions by helping rid the body of cancer-causing chemicals or by interfering with signals that cause rapid cell division. Researchers in this study determined that the compound maintains its chemopreventive effects against skin cancer.

“Our research has documented that perillyl alcohol is a potent in vivo (living cells) inhibitor of both UVB-induced non-melanoma and melanoma in a transgenic animal model,” said Janine Einspahr, Ph.D., of the Arizona Cancer Center in Tucson, and lead author of the study.

“We are confident that further research will garner results that support these findings in human models. Phase I and Phase II studies of topically-administered perillyl alcohol have been initiated at the Arizona Cancer Center,” she added.

In the study, human keratinocytes (skin cells) were treated for 24 hours with .43 millimolars of PEOH, followed by exposure to 250 millijoules per cm2 of ultraviolet B radiation (UVB). RNA was isolated for analysis immediately following UVB exposure, as well as at half, two, six and 24 hours. As compared to untreated cells, expression of 5,533 genes was notably altered (greater than two fold) with UVB, and 5,837 genes with UVB and PEOH.

Wnt-inhibitory factor-1 (WIF-1) and the Dvl inhibitory protein (IDAX) prevent activation of Wnt responsive genes. UVB alone suppressed WIF-1 expression as much as five fold at two hours, while UVB and PEOH increased expression as much as two and a half fold at the six hour time point. Similarly, UVB alone suppressed IDAX expression as much as three fold at two hours, while UVB and PEOH increased expression as much as nine fold immediately following exposure. The Wnt responsive gene, c-myc, was unchanged with UVB, while UVB and PEOH suppressed expression as much as seven fold at two hours.

The Wnt signaling pathway helps regulate cell structure, movement and growth. Activation of the pathway requires the ligand to bind to a frizzled receptor (the Wnt signal lead receptor). This stimulates the cytoplasmic protein, disheveled (Dvl), one of the multi-module proteins working in the pathway. As a result, accumulated catenins, or protein mutations, situate themselves in the nucleus of the cell. This translocation leads to the transcription of Wnt targeted genes, such as c-myc, causing cancer.

Skin cancer is the most common cancer, with more than 1.3 million new cases expected in 2003. Additionally, the American Cancer Society estimates that in 2003, there will be 54,200 new cases of melanoma, and about 7,600 people will die of this disease.

# # #

Founded in 1907, the American Association for Cancer Research is a professional society of more than 21,000 laboratory, translational, and clinical scientists engaged in cancer research in the United States and in more than 60 other countries. AACR's mission is to accelerate the prevention and cure of cancer through research, education, communication, and advocacy. Its principal activities include the publication of five major peer-reviewed scientific journals: Cancer Research; Clinical Cancer Research; Molecular Cancer Therapeutics; Molecular Cancer Research; and Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. AACR's annual meetings - next year in Orlando, Fla., March 27-31 - attract more than 15,000 participants who share new and significant discoveries in the cancer field. Specialty meetings like this one, held throughout the year, focus on the latest developments in all areas of cancer research.

And Now...